Citations by Tag

Citations by Tag

Browse citations organized by topic tags.

Other views: By Lens

By Year

All Citations (Alphabetical)

Citations Home

A: #AbusePreventions

#AccessBarriers

#AccessControl

#Accessibility

#AccountabilityMechanisms

#AdversarialML

#AfricanPhilosophy

#AgencyLaw

#AgeVerification

#AIAlignment

#AIFirewall

#AIGovernance

#AIIntegration

#AISecurity

#AKASHA

#Akrasia

#AlgorithmicBias

#AlgorithmicOppression

#AlgorithmicPower

#AllenChristopher

#AllenPrinciples

#Amazon

#AmericanLawInstitute

#AndrieuJoe

#AntiCoercion

#AntidiscriminationLaw

#Antitrust

#AokiToshiaki

#Article16

#ArtificialIntelligence

#AttributeBasedEncryption

#AuthenticatedMessaging

#AuthoritarianControl

#Authoritarianism

#AuthorizationModels

#AutomatingInequality

#AutonomousSystems

#Autonomy

B: #BalkinJack

#BankingAccess

#BankingPolicy

#BCI

#BehavioralData

#BehavioralEconomics

#BenjaminRuha

#BibliometricAnalysis

#BigTech

#BiometricIdentification

#BirhaneAbeba

#BlockchainBias

#BlockchainGovernance

#BlockchainIdentity

#BrainComputerInterface

#BrainPrivacy

C: #CampaignFinance

#CapabilityBasedSecurity

#CarterNic

#Censorship

#Centralization

#CentralizedControl

#CertificateAuthority

#Chamas

#ChildProtection

#ChildrensRights

#ChileConstitution

#ChillingEffects

#ChineseTechnology

#Circumvention

#CitizensUnited

#CivilLiberties

#CivilRights

#ClientSideVerification

#Cliques

#CloudSovereignty

#CoCitationAnalysis

#CognitiveLiberty

#CohenJulie

#CollectiveInterests

#CommitmentDevices

#Commodification

#CommonLaw

#CommonsGovernance

#Community

#CommunityIdentity

#ComparativeAnalysis

#CompetitionLaw

#Complexity

#Compliance

#ConceptualGenealogy

#ConsentDilemma

#ConstitutionalLaw

#ConstitutionalRights

#ConsumerBehavior

#ConsumerProtection

#ContentModeration

#ContextualIntegrity

#Convenience

#Cooperation

#CorporateData

#CorporateRights

#Cosmotechnics

#CredentialExchange

#CredentialFormat

#CredibleCommitment

#CrisisManagement

#CriticalAnalysis

#CriticalRaceStudies

#CriticalRaceTheory

#CriticalTheory

#CrossBorderIdentity

#Crypto

#Cryptocurrency

#CryptographicCapabilities

#CryptographicInfrastructure

#CryptographicSecrets

#CryptographicSecurity

#CryptographicVerification

#Cryptography

#CulturalImperialism

#CulturalTechnology

#CyberProletariat

#CyberspaceSovereignty

D: #DaoQi

#DarkPatterns

#DataExtraction

#DataGovernance

#DataInfrastructure

#DataMarkets

#DataMinimization

#DataOwnership

#DataProperty

#DataProtection

#DataRights

#DataSovereignty

#DeAnonymization

#Decentralization

#DecentralizedIdentifiers

#DecentralizedIdentity

#DecentralizedMessaging

#DecisionMaking

#DecisionTheory

#DelegatedAuthority

#Delegation

#Democracy

#DeMottDeborah

#DependentCare

#DependentIdentityOwners

#Deplatforming

#Descartes

#DesignScienceResearch

#Deterrence

#DeviceCliques

#DIDComm

#DIDProtocols

#DIDs

#DidWeb

#DIF

#DigitalCertificates

#DigitalCoercion

#DigitalCredentials

#DigitalDependency

#DigitalDiscrimination

#DigitalEconomy

#DigitalFootprint

#DigitalID

#DigitalIdentity

#DigitalInclusion

#DigitalInfrastructure

#DigitalLabor

#DigitalLawFramework

#DigitalPoorhouse

#DigitalPrivacy

#DigitalRights

#DigitalSignatureAct

#DigitalSignatures

#DigitalSovereignty

#DigitalWallet

#Dignity

#Discipline

#Discrimination

#DistributedAuthority

#DistributedTrust

#DunbarNumber

#DyerWithefordNick

E: #EconomicPolicy

#EconomicPsychology

#EconomicRights

#EdgeIdentifiers

#EdwardSnowden

#eIDAS

#ElectionLaw

#ElectronicSignatures

#ElsterJon

#Emergence

#Empowerment

#Enshittification

#Ethics

#EthicsOfPrivacy

#EubanksVirginia

#EUDIW

#EURegulation

#EuropeanDigitalIdentity

#EvaluationGap

#ExodusProtocol

F: #FamilyCare

#FamilyPrivacy

#FarahanyNita

#Federalism

#FeministPoliticalTheory

#FiduciaryDuty

#FieldEvolution

#FinancialDeplatforming

#FinancialFreedom

#FinancialInclusion

#Financialization

#FinancialSurveillance

#FirstAmendment

#FocalPoints

#FoucaultMichel

#FourHorsemen

#Fragmentation

#Framework

#FrameworkComparison

#FreeAssociation

#FreedomOfThought

#FreedomToTransact

#FreeSpeech

#FROST

#FundamentalRights

#FuzzyCliques

G: #GameTheory

#GDPR

#GDPRCompliance

#GenerativeAI

#GenerativeIdentity

#GlobalDevelopment

#GlobalLabor

#GlobalSouth

#Google

#GovernanceFrameworks

#GovernmentAccountability

#GovernmentAsAPlatform

#GovernmentID

#GovernmentOverreach

#GradualIdentification

#GraphAnalysis

#GreenwaldGlenn

#GriggIan

#GroupFormingNetworks

#Guardianship

#GuardianshipModel

H: #HarrisCheryl

#HDKeys

#Heidegger

#HighModernism

#HuiYuk

#HumanAutonomy

#HumanitarianTechnology

#HumanRights

#HyperledgerIndy

I: #ICCPR

#IdentifierPortability

#Identity

#IdentityArchitecture

#IdentityBasedCryptography

#IdentityDelegation

#IdentityGovernance

#IdentityManagement

#IdentityPhilosophy

#IdentityPortability

#IdentityPrinciples

#IdentityTheft

#IdentityTheory

#IETF

#Inclusion

#Inequality

#InformationalCapitalism

#InformationAsymmetry

#InformationFiduciaries

#InformationFlow

#InformationScience

#InformationSeeking

#InformedConsent

#InfrastructureStudies

#InstitutionalCapture

#InstitutionalChange

#InstitutionalSafeguards

#IntellectualHistory

#Interdependence

#InterdisciplinaryGaps

#InternationalLaw

#InternetArchitecture

#Interoperability

#InteroperabilityChallenges

#InteroperabilityStandards

#IoTIdentity

J: #Jailbreaking

#JobGuarantee

#JurisdictionalVariation

K: #Kenya

#KeyDerivation

#KeyManagement

#KeyRecovery

#KhanLina

#KofNSignatures

L: #LaborEconomics

#LaborExploitation

#LaborMarkets

#LegalArchitecture

#LegalDoctrine

#LegalFoundation

#LegalFramework

#LegalHistory

#LegalPersonhood

#LegalRecognition

#LegalTheory

#LegalTreatise

#Legibility

#LESSIdentity

#LibraryDependencies

#LiteratureReview

#LivingSystemsTheory

#LLMSecurity

#LocalKnowledge

#LockIn

M: #MachineLearning

#MarketInalienability

#MarketPower

#MassSurveillance

#MathematicsOverPolicy

#MeaningCapture

#MemberStateImplementation

#MentalModels

#MentalPrivacy

#MetadataLeakage

#MetaResearch

#Metaverse

#MethodologicalInnovation

#Metis

#Microsoft

#MillerMarkS

#MINDAct

#MindReading

#MinskyianAnalysis

#MissionDrift

#MKUltra

#ModelLegislation

#MoneyManagerCapitalism

#Monopoly

#MoralBankruptcy

#MPC

#MultiPartyComputation

#MuSig2

N: #NAIRU

#NarayananArvind

#NationalSecurity

#Negotiation

#NetworkEffects

#NetworkMaking

#NetworkPrivacy

#NeuralData

#Neuralink

#Neurorights

#Neurotechnology

#NewJimCode

#NissenbaumHelen

#NobelPrize

#NobleSafiya

#NoRegistryDependency

#Normalization

#NSA

O: #ObjectCapabilities

#OCaps

#OnlineIdentity

#OpenCliques

#OpenGovernment

#OpenSourceAI

#OpenSourceCritique

#OperationChokePoint

#Optogenetics

#OstromPrinciples

P: #Panopticon

#ParentalRights

#PattiyanonCharnon

#PeerIdentity

#PeerToPeer

#PenneyJonathon

#Personhood

#Philosophy

#PKI

#PlanningFailures

#PlatformCapitalism

#PlatformCapture

#PlatformEconomics

#PlatformGovernance

#PlatformIndependence

#PlatformLogic

#PlatformMonopoly

#PlatformPower

#PolicyGuidance

#PoliticalRights

#PoliticalSpeech

#Portability

#Poverty

#Power

#PrecarityOfWork

#Precommitment

#PredictiveAnalytics

#PrincipalAuthority

#Prison

#Privacy

#PrivacyAttacks

#PrivacyByDesign

#PrivacyChallenges

#PrivacyConsent

#PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies

#PrivacyLaw

#PrivacyPreserving

#PrivacyResearch

#PrivacyRights

#PrivacySecurity

#PrivacySelfManagement

#PrivacySurveillance

#PrivacyTechnology

#PrivacyTheory

#PromptInjection

#Property

#PropertyLaw

#PropertyRegimes

#PropertyRights

#PurtovaNadezhda

R: #RacialJustice

#Racism

#RadinMargaret

#RationalChoice

#Rationality

#RefugeeIdentity

#Refugees

#Regulation

#ReIdentification

#RelationalIdentity

#RemoteNotarization

#RenierisElizabeth

#ResearchFragmentation

#ResearchMapping

#ResearchMethodology

#Restatement

#RevocationFlows

#RFC9591

#RightToTransact

#RLHF

#RWOT

S: #SB260

#SchedulingAlgorithms

#SchellingThomas

#Schnorr

#SchnorrSignatures

#ScottJamesC

#SearchEngines

#SecureCommunication

#SecurityAnalysis

#SecurityArchitecture

#SecurityFailures

#SecurityResearch

#SecurityStandards

#SEDI

#SelectiveDisclosure

#SelfBinding

#SelfCensorship

#SelfControl

#SelfRegulation

#SelfSovereignIdentity

#SF0039

#Sharenting

#SheldrakePhilip

#ShmatiskovVitaly

#Snowden

#SocialContract

#SocialEngineering

#SocialJustice

#SocialNetworks

#SocialNorms

#SocialServices

#SoloveDaniel

#Sovereignty

#SovereigntyAsService

#Sovrin

#SSI

#SSIArchitecture

#SSICritique

#SSITaxonomy

#StateLegislation

#StatePolicy

#StateSimplification

#StateSovereignty

#StrategicBehavior

#StructuralInequality

#SupremeCourt

#Surveillance

#SurveillanceCapitalism

#SurveillanceResistance

#Survey

#SwissEID

#SwitchingCosts

#Switzerland

#SystematicLiteratureReview

#SystematicMapping

#SystematicReview

#SystemicRacism

#SystemicRisk

#SystemsSecurity

T: #TamperEvident

#Taxonomy

#TechCritique

#TechEthics

#TechLaw

#TechnicalStandards

#TechnologicalPluralism

#Technology

#TechnologyEthics

#TechnologyGovernance

#TechnologyPhilosophy

#TechnologyPolicy

#TemporalPreference

#TenPrinciples

#ThresholdSignatures

#TransactionalAbsolutism

#TreatyLaw

#Trust

#TrustFrameworks

#TrustMinimizedIdentity

#TrustModels

U: #Ubuntu

#UDHR

#UETA

#Ukraine

#UlyssesContracts

#UnemploymentPolicy

#UnitedNations

#UniversalRights

#uPort

#UsabilityChallenges

#UsabilityGap

#UserControl

#UserRights

#Utah

#UtahLaw

V: #VaheesanSandeep

#VerifiableClaims

#VerifiableCredentials

#VerifiableProperties

#VerifiableRecords

#VulnerablePopulations

W: #W3C

#W3CDID

#W3CStandards

#Watermarking

#Web3

#WebOfTrust

#WelfareSurveillance

#WesternPhilosophy

#Whistleblowing

#WhitenessAsProperty

#Wikipedia

#WorkerPower

#WorkerRights

#WuTim

#Wyoming

X: #X509

Z: #ZeroKnowledgeProofs

#ZookosTriangle

#ZuboffShoshana

---

#AbusePreventions (1)

• Baird et al. (2023) Threshold Signatures

  BRIEF: Modern threshold signature schemes enabling distributed authority where K-of-N parties must cooperate—cryptographic foundation for preventing single points of failure.

#AccessBarriers (1)

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

#AccessControl (1)

• Miller et al. (2003) Capability Myths Demolished

  BRIEF: Foundational OCaps paper demonstrating how capability possession equals authority—foundational model for SSI delegation.

#Accessibility (1)

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#AccountabilityMechanisms (1)

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

#AdversarialML (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#AfricanPhilosophy (1)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

#AgencyLaw (2)

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#AgeVerification (3)

• Celi et al. (2025) Private Age Verification Architecture

  BRIEF: Separates content moderation from guardianship in age verification. Proposes guardian-issued DID credentials with client-side enforcement.

• Chatel et al. (2025) PETs Limitations in Age Verification

  BRIEF: PETs solve only application-layer privacy, not circumvention, censorship, or effectiveness. Complex libraries become “prisons” centralizing power.

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

#AIAlignment (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#AIFirewall (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#AIGovernance (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#AIIntegration (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#AISecurity (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#AKASHA (1)

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

#Akrasia (1)

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

#AlgorithmicBias (3)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

• Noble (2018) Algorithms of Oppression

  BRIEF: Documents how search algorithms perpetuate racism and sexism, creating conformity pressure through biased categorizations users can’t see or contest.

#AlgorithmicOppression (2)

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

• Noble (2018) Algorithms of Oppression

  BRIEF: Documents how search algorithms perpetuate racism and sexism, creating conformity pressure through biased categorizations users can’t see or contest.

#AlgorithmicPower (1)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

#AllenChristopher (8)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• Allen (2025) Clubs

  BRIEF: Explores cryptographic capabilities enabling selective disclosure and delegated authority through derived keys, threshold signatures, and ZKPs.

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

• Allen (2025) Exodus Protocol

  BRIEF: Establishes “infrastructure without infrastructure”—systems functioning autonomously without centralized control, mathematics over policy.

• Allen (2025) Right to Transact (draft)

  BRIEF: Frames transactional freedom as constitutional right grounded in assembly and association, not merely financial access.

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

#AllenPrinciples (1)

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

#Amazon (1)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

#AmericanLawInstitute (1)

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#AndrieuJoe (1)

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

#AntiCoercion (1)

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

#AntidiscriminationLaw (1)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

#Antitrust (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#AokiToshiaki (1)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

#Article16 (1)

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

#ArtificialIntelligence (1)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

#AttributeBasedEncryption (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#AuthenticatedMessaging (1)

• DIDComm (2024)

  BRIEF: Standard protocol for secure, authenticated messaging between DID-identified parties—foundational delegation protocol for SSI.

#AuthoritarianControl (1)

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

#Authoritarianism (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#AuthorizationModels (1)

• Miller et al. (2003) Capability Myths Demolished

  BRIEF: Foundational OCaps paper demonstrating how capability possession equals authority—foundational model for SSI delegation.

#AutomatingInequality (1)

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

#AutonomousSystems (1)

• Allen (2025) Exodus Protocol

  BRIEF: Establishes “infrastructure without infrastructure”—systems functioning autonomously without centralized control, mathematics over policy.

#Autonomy (2)

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

#BalkinJack (1)

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

#BankingAccess (1)

• Carter (2023) Operation Choke Point 2.0

  BRIEF: Documents financial system weaponization against legal industries through systematic banking access denial.

#BankingPolicy (1)

• Carter (2023) Operation Choke Point 2.0

  BRIEF: Documents financial system weaponization against legal industries through systematic banking access denial.

#BCI (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#BehavioralData (1)

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.

#BehavioralEconomics (1)

• Bryan et al. (2010) Commitment Devices

  BRIEF: Comprehensive review of commitment device research showing how voluntary constraints enable better outcomes.

#BenjaminRuha (1)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

#BibliometricAnalysis (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#BigTech (3)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.

#BiometricIdentification (1)

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#BirhaneAbeba (1)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

#BlockchainBias (1)

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

#BlockchainGovernance (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

#BlockchainIdentity (8)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#BrainComputerInterface (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#BrainPrivacy (1)

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

#CampaignFinance (1)

• Citizens United (2010)

  BRIEF: Landmark ruling extending free speech protections to political spending—debatable whether expression through expenditure applies to identity transactions.

#CapabilityBasedSecurity (1)

• Miller et al. (2003) Capability Myths Demolished

  BRIEF: Foundational OCaps paper demonstrating how capability possession equals authority—foundational model for SSI delegation.

#CarterNic (1)

• Carter (2023) Operation Choke Point 2.0

  BRIEF: Documents financial system weaponization against legal industries through systematic banking access denial.

#Censorship (1)

• Chatel et al. (2025) PETs Limitations in Age Verification

  BRIEF: PETs solve only application-layer privacy, not circumvention, censorship, or effectiveness. Complex libraries become “prisons” centralizing power.

#Centralization (2)

• Chatel et al. (2025) PETs Limitations in Age Verification

  BRIEF: PETs solve only application-layer privacy, not circumvention, censorship, or effectiveness. Complex libraries become “prisons” centralizing power.

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

#CentralizedControl (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#CertificateAuthority (1)

• Dumitrescu & Pouwelse (2024) PKI Failures

  BRIEF: Comprehensive analysis of PKI/X.509 paradigm assumptions and their consequences over decades—cautionary example for 2026 principles.

#Chamas (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#ChildProtection (1)

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#ChildrensRights (1)

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#ChileConstitution (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#ChillingEffects (1)

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#ChineseTechnology (1)

• Hui (2016) Question Concerning Technology in China

  BRIEF: Argues sovereignty isn’t universal but culturally situated—global SSI must negotiate across traditions rather than imposing single Western model.

#Circumvention (1)

• Chatel et al. (2025) PETs Limitations in Age Verification

  BRIEF: PETs solve only application-layer privacy, not circumvention, censorship, or effectiveness. Complex libraries become “prisons” centralizing power.

#CitizensUnited (1)

• Citizens United (2010)

  BRIEF: Landmark ruling extending free speech protections to political spending—debatable whether expression through expenditure applies to identity transactions.

#CivilLiberties (2)

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

#CivilRights (1)

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

#ClientSideVerification (1)

• Celi et al. (2025) Private Age Verification Architecture

  BRIEF: Separates content moderation from guardianship in age verification. Proposes guardian-issued DID credentials with client-side enforcement.

#Cliques (2)

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

#CloudSovereignty (1)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

#CoCitationAnalysis (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#CognitiveLiberty (2)

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#CohenJulie (1)

• Cohen (2019) Between Truth and Power

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how code and law co-construct identity as extractable capital; property frameworks actively create data as commodity.

#CollectiveInterests (1)

• Renieris (2022) Freedom to Transact Critique

  BRIEF: Essential counterpoint—challenges absolute “right to transact” claims, distinguishing proportionate regulation from exclusionary gatekeeping.

#CommitmentDevices (1)

• Bryan et al. (2010) Commitment Devices

  BRIEF: Comprehensive review of commitment device research showing how voluntary constraints enable better outcomes.

#Commodification (1)

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

#CommonLaw (1)

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#CommonsGovernance (1)

• Allen (2023) Origins of SSI

  BRIEF: Allen traces SSI origins to five traditions: sovereignty, living systems, commons governance, feminist theory, and human rights.

#Community (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#CommunityIdentity (1)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

#ComparativeAnalysis (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

#CompetitionLaw (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#Complexity (1)

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

#Compliance (1)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

#ConceptualGenealogy (1)

• Allen (2023) Origins of SSI

  BRIEF: Allen traces SSI origins to five traditions: sovereignty, living systems, commons governance, feminist theory, and human rights.

#ConsentDilemma (1)

• Solove (2013) Privacy Self-Management

  BRIEF: Demonstrates privacy consent mechanisms fail—assumptions of informed, empowered users false given information asymmetry and manufactured consent.

#ConstitutionalLaw (1)

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

#ConstitutionalRights (1)

• Allen (2025) Right to Transact (draft)

  BRIEF: Frames transactional freedom as constitutional right grounded in assembly and association, not merely financial access.

#ConsumerBehavior (1)

• Wu (2018) Tyranny of Convenience

  BRIEF: Analyzes how convenience becomes tyranny—small easy choices accumulate into structural dependency.

#ConsumerProtection (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#ContentModeration (2)

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#ContextualIntegrity (2)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

#Convenience (1)

• Wu (2018) Tyranny of Convenience

  BRIEF: Analyzes how convenience becomes tyranny—small easy choices accumulate into structural dependency.

#Cooperation (1)

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#CorporateData (1)

• Purtova (2015) Illusion of Personal Data

  BRIEF: Demonstrates “no one owns data” is illusion—corporations already claim quasi-property rights; individual ownership validates framework favoring institutional actors.

#CorporateRights (1)

• Citizens United (2010)

  BRIEF: Landmark ruling extending free speech protections to political spending—debatable whether expression through expenditure applies to identity transactions.

#Cosmotechnics (1)

• Hui (2016) Question Concerning Technology in China

  BRIEF: Argues sovereignty isn’t universal but culturally situated—global SSI must negotiate across traditions rather than imposing single Western model.

#CredentialExchange (1)

• DIDComm (2024)

  BRIEF: Standard protocol for secure, authenticated messaging between DID-identified parties—foundational delegation protocol for SSI.

#CredentialFormat (1)

• W3C (2024) Verifiable Credentials 2.0

  BRIEF: W3C standard for machine-verifiable credentials—foundational data model for delegation, authorization, and revocability.

#CredibleCommitment (1)

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#CrisisManagement (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#CriticalAnalysis (2)

• Chatel et al. (2025) PETs Limitations in Age Verification

  BRIEF: PETs solve only application-layer privacy, not circumvention, censorship, or effectiveness. Complex libraries become “prisons” centralizing power.

• Renieris (2022) Freedom to Transact Critique

  BRIEF: Essential counterpoint—challenges absolute “right to transact” claims, distinguishing proportionate regulation from exclusionary gatekeeping.

#CriticalRaceStudies (1)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

#CriticalRaceTheory (1)

• Harris (1993) Whiteness as Property

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how property law historically encoded racial hierarchies—whiteness functioned as property granting access, opportunity, protection.

#CriticalTheory (1)

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

#CrossBorderIdentity (1)

• EU Regulation 2024/1183 eIDAS 2.0

  BRIEF: EU digital identity framework demonstrating both benefits (legal recognition, interoperability) and risks (government-centric architecture, limited platform independence).

#Crypto (1)

• Renieris (2022) Freedom to Transact Critique

  BRIEF: Essential counterpoint—challenges absolute “right to transact” claims, distinguishing proportionate regulation from exclusionary gatekeeping.

#Cryptocurrency (1)

• Carter (2023) Operation Choke Point 2.0

  BRIEF: Documents financial system weaponization against legal industries through systematic banking access denial.

#CryptographicCapabilities (1)

• Allen (2025) Clubs

  BRIEF: Explores cryptographic capabilities enabling selective disclosure and delegated authority through derived keys, threshold signatures, and ZKPs.

#CryptographicInfrastructure (1)

• Dumitrescu & Pouwelse (2024) PKI Failures

  BRIEF: Comprehensive analysis of PKI/X.509 paradigm assumptions and their consequences over decades—cautionary example for 2026 principles.

#CryptographicSecrets (1)

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

#CryptographicSecurity (2)

• Baird et al. (2023) Threshold Signatures

  BRIEF: Modern threshold signature schemes enabling distributed authority where K-of-N parties must cooperate—cryptographic foundation for preventing single points of failure.

• W3C (2024) Verifiable Credentials 2.0

  BRIEF: W3C standard for machine-verifiable credentials—foundational data model for delegation, authorization, and revocability.

#CryptographicVerification (1)

• W3C (2022) Decentralized Identifiers

  BRIEF: W3C standard for decentralized, self-sovereign identifiers with cryptographic verification—foundational infrastructure for platform-independent delegation.

#Cryptography (2)

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#CulturalImperialism (1)

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

#CulturalTechnology (1)

• Hui (2016) Question Concerning Technology in China

  BRIEF: Argues sovereignty isn’t universal but culturally situated—global SSI must negotiate across traditions rather than imposing single Western model.

#CyberProletariat (1)

• Dyer-Witheford (2015) Cyber-Proletariat

  BRIEF: Examines digital capitalism’s creation of feudal dependencies masquerading as autonomy—platforms deepen subordination through service dependency.

#CyberspaceSovereignty (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

#DaoQi (1)

• Hui (2016) Question Concerning Technology in China

  BRIEF: Argues sovereignty isn’t universal but culturally situated—global SSI must negotiate across traditions rather than imposing single Western model.

#DarkPatterns (1)

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

#DataExtraction (1)

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.

#DataGovernance (1)

• Cohen (2019) Between Truth and Power

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how code and law co-construct identity as extractable capital; property frameworks actively create data as commodity.

#DataInfrastructure (1)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

#DataMarkets (1)

• Cohen (2019) Between Truth and Power

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how code and law co-construct identity as extractable capital; property frameworks actively create data as commodity.

#DataMinimization (1)

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

#DataOwnership (2)

• Purtova (2015) Illusion of Personal Data

  BRIEF: Demonstrates “no one owns data” is illusion—corporations already claim quasi-property rights; individual ownership validates framework favoring institutional actors.

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

#DataProperty (1)

• Purtova (2015) Illusion of Personal Data

  BRIEF: Demonstrates “no one owns data” is illusion—corporations already claim quasi-property rights; individual ownership validates framework favoring institutional actors.

#DataProtection (4)

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

• Purtova (2015) Illusion of Personal Data

  BRIEF: Demonstrates “no one owns data” is illusion—corporations already claim quasi-property rights; individual ownership validates framework favoring institutional actors.

#DataRights (1)

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

#DataSovereignty (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#DeAnonymization (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#Decentralization (6)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

• Allen (2025) Exodus Protocol

  BRIEF: Establishes “infrastructure without infrastructure”—systems functioning autonomously without centralized control, mathematics over policy.

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

#DecentralizedIdentifiers (7)

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

• W3C (2022) Decentralized Identifiers

  BRIEF: W3C standard for decentralized, self-sovereign identifiers with cryptographic verification—foundational infrastructure for platform-independent delegation.

#DecentralizedIdentity (4)

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

• Celi et al. (2025) Private Age Verification Architecture

  BRIEF: Separates content moderation from guardianship in age verification. Proposes guardian-issued DID credentials with client-side enforcement.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

#DecentralizedMessaging (1)

• DIDComm (2024)

  BRIEF: Standard protocol for secure, authenticated messaging between DID-identified parties—foundational delegation protocol for SSI.

#DecisionMaking (1)

• Bryan et al. (2010) Commitment Devices

  BRIEF: Comprehensive review of commitment device research showing how voluntary constraints enable better outcomes.

#DecisionTheory (1)

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

#DelegatedAuthority (1)

• Allen (2025) Clubs

  BRIEF: Explores cryptographic capabilities enabling selective disclosure and delegated authority through derived keys, threshold signatures, and ZKPs.

#Delegation (2)

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#Democracy (1)

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.

#DeMottDeborah (1)

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#DependentCare (1)

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#DependentIdentityOwners (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

#Deplatforming (1)

• Allen (2025) Right to Transact (draft)

  BRIEF: Frames transactional freedom as constitutional right grounded in assembly and association, not merely financial access.

#Descartes (1)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

#DesignScienceResearch (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#Deterrence (1)

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#DeviceCliques (1)

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

#DIDComm (1)

• DIDComm (2024)

  BRIEF: Standard protocol for secure, authenticated messaging between DID-identified parties—foundational delegation protocol for SSI.

#DIDProtocols (1)

• DIDComm (2024)

  BRIEF: Standard protocol for secure, authenticated messaging between DID-identified parties—foundational delegation protocol for SSI.

#DIDs (2)

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

• W3C (2022) Decentralized Identifiers

  BRIEF: W3C standard for decentralized, self-sovereign identifiers with cryptographic verification—foundational infrastructure for platform-independent delegation.

#DidWeb (1)

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

#DIF (1)

• DIDComm (2024)

  BRIEF: Standard protocol for secure, authenticated messaging between DID-identified parties—foundational delegation protocol for SSI.

#DigitalCertificates (1)

• Dumitrescu & Pouwelse (2024) PKI Failures

  BRIEF: Comprehensive analysis of PKI/X.509 paradigm assumptions and their consequences over decades—cautionary example for 2026 principles.

#DigitalCoercion (1)

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

#DigitalCredentials (1)

• W3C (2024) Verifiable Credentials 2.0

  BRIEF: W3C standard for machine-verifiable credentials—foundational data model for delegation, authorization, and revocability.

#DigitalDependency (1)

• Wu (2018) Tyranny of Convenience

  BRIEF: Analyzes how convenience becomes tyranny—small easy choices accumulate into structural dependency.

#DigitalDiscrimination (1)

• Noble (2018) Algorithms of Oppression

  BRIEF: Documents how search algorithms perpetuate racism and sexism, creating conformity pressure through biased categorizations users can’t see or contest.

#DigitalEconomy (2)

• Dyer-Witheford (2015) Cyber-Proletariat

  BRIEF: Examines digital capitalism’s creation of feudal dependencies masquerading as autonomy—platforms deepen subordination through service dependency.

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.

#DigitalFootprint (1)

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#DigitalID (1)

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

#DigitalIdentity (13)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

• Utah Code Title 46 (2021)

  BRIEF: State legislation recognizing digital identity credentials without creating government monopoly—model for “recognition without mandate.”

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#DigitalInclusion (3)

• Allen (2025) Right to Transact (draft)

  BRIEF: Frames transactional freedom as constitutional right grounded in assembly and association, not merely financial access.

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#DigitalInfrastructure (1)

• Allen (2025) Exodus Protocol

  BRIEF: Establishes “infrastructure without infrastructure”—systems functioning autonomously without centralized control, mathematics over policy.

#DigitalLabor (1)

• Dyer-Witheford (2015) Cyber-Proletariat

  BRIEF: Examines digital capitalism’s creation of feudal dependencies masquerading as autonomy—platforms deepen subordination through service dependency.

#DigitalLawFramework (1)

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

#DigitalPoorhouse (1)

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

#DigitalPrivacy (2)

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#DigitalRights (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#DigitalSignatureAct (1)

• Utah Code Title 46 (2021)

  BRIEF: State legislation recognizing digital identity credentials without creating government monopoly—model for “recognition without mandate.”

#DigitalSignatures (1)

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

#DigitalSovereignty (2)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

#DigitalWallet (2)

• EU Regulation 2024/1183 eIDAS 2.0

  BRIEF: EU digital identity framework demonstrating both benefits (legal recognition, interoperability) and risks (government-centric architecture, limited platform independence).

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#Dignity (2)

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

#Discipline (1)

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

#Discrimination (3)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

#DistributedAuthority (1)

• Baird et al. (2023) Threshold Signatures

  BRIEF: Modern threshold signature schemes enabling distributed authority where K-of-N parties must cooperate—cryptographic foundation for preventing single points of failure.

#DistributedTrust (1)

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#DunbarNumber (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#DyerWithefordNick (1)

• Dyer-Witheford (2015) Cyber-Proletariat

  BRIEF: Examines digital capitalism’s creation of feudal dependencies masquerading as autonomy—platforms deepen subordination through service dependency.

#EconomicPolicy (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#EconomicPsychology (1)

• Bryan et al. (2010) Commitment Devices

  BRIEF: Comprehensive review of commitment device research showing how voluntary constraints enable better outcomes.

#EconomicRights (1)

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

#EdgeIdentifiers (2)

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

#EdwardSnowden (1)

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

#eIDAS (1)

• EU Regulation 2024/1183 eIDAS 2.0

  BRIEF: EU digital identity framework demonstrating both benefits (legal recognition, interoperability) and risks (government-centric architecture, limited platform independence).

#ElectionLaw (1)

• Citizens United (2010)

  BRIEF: Landmark ruling extending free speech protections to political spending—debatable whether expression through expenditure applies to identity transactions.

#ElectronicSignatures (1)

• Utah Code Title 46 (2021)

  BRIEF: State legislation recognizing digital identity credentials without creating government monopoly—model for “recognition without mandate.”

#ElsterJon (1)

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

#Emergence (1)

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

#Empowerment (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#Enshittification (2)

• Allen (2025) Exodus Protocol

  BRIEF: Establishes “infrastructure without infrastructure”—systems functioning autonomously without centralized control, mathematics over policy.

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#Ethics (1)

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

#EthicsOfPrivacy (1)

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

#EubanksVirginia (1)

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

#EUDIW (1)

• EU Regulation 2024/1183 eIDAS 2.0

  BRIEF: EU digital identity framework demonstrating both benefits (legal recognition, interoperability) and risks (government-centric architecture, limited platform independence).

#EURegulation (1)

• EU Regulation 2024/1183 eIDAS 2.0

  BRIEF: EU digital identity framework demonstrating both benefits (legal recognition, interoperability) and risks (government-centric architecture, limited platform independence).

#EuropeanDigitalIdentity (1)

• EU Regulation 2024/1183 eIDAS 2.0

  BRIEF: EU digital identity framework demonstrating both benefits (legal recognition, interoperability) and risks (government-centric architecture, limited platform independence).

#EvaluationGap (1)

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

#ExodusProtocol (1)

• Allen (2025) Exodus Protocol

  BRIEF: Establishes “infrastructure without infrastructure”—systems functioning autonomously without centralized control, mathematics over policy.

#FamilyCare (1)

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#FamilyPrivacy (1)

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#FarahanyNita (1)

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

#Federalism (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#FeministPoliticalTheory (1)

• Allen (2023) Origins of SSI

  BRIEF: Allen traces SSI origins to five traditions: sovereignty, living systems, commons governance, feminist theory, and human rights.

#FiduciaryDuty (3)

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#FieldEvolution (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#FinancialDeplatforming (1)

• Carter (2023) Operation Choke Point 2.0

  BRIEF: Documents financial system weaponization against legal industries through systematic banking access denial.

#FinancialFreedom (1)

• Allen (2025) Right to Transact (draft)

  BRIEF: Frames transactional freedom as constitutional right grounded in assembly and association, not merely financial access.

#FinancialInclusion (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#Financialization (2)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#FinancialSurveillance (1)

• Carter (2023) Operation Choke Point 2.0

  BRIEF: Documents financial system weaponization against legal industries through systematic banking access denial.

#FirstAmendment (3)

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

• Citizens United (2010)

  BRIEF: Landmark ruling extending free speech protections to political spending—debatable whether expression through expenditure applies to identity transactions.

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#FocalPoints (1)

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#FoucaultMichel (1)

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

#FourHorsemen (1)

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

#Fragmentation (1)

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

#Framework (1)

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

#FrameworkComparison (1)

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

#FreeAssociation (1)

• Allen (2025) Right to Transact (draft)

  BRIEF: Frames transactional freedom as constitutional right grounded in assembly and association, not merely financial access.

#FreedomOfThought (1)

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

#FreedomToTransact (1)

• Renieris (2022) Freedom to Transact Critique

  BRIEF: Essential counterpoint—challenges absolute “right to transact” claims, distinguishing proportionate regulation from exclusionary gatekeeping.

#FreeSpeech (1)

• Citizens United (2010)

  BRIEF: Landmark ruling extending free speech protections to political spending—debatable whether expression through expenditure applies to identity transactions.

#FROST (3)

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#FundamentalRights (1)

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

#FuzzyCliques (1)

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

#GameTheory (1)

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#GDPR (2)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#GDPRCompliance (2)

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

#GenerativeAI (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#GenerativeIdentity (1)

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

#GlobalDevelopment (1)

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

#GlobalLabor (1)

• Dyer-Witheford (2015) Cyber-Proletariat

  BRIEF: Examines digital capitalism’s creation of feudal dependencies masquerading as autonomy—platforms deepen subordination through service dependency.

#GlobalSouth (1)

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

#Google (1)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

#GovernanceFrameworks (1)

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

#GovernmentAccountability (1)

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

#GovernmentAsAPlatform (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#GovernmentID (2)

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

#GovernmentOverreach (2)

• Carter (2023) Operation Choke Point 2.0

  BRIEF: Documents financial system weaponization against legal industries through systematic banking access denial.

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

#GradualIdentification (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#GraphAnalysis (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#GreenwaldGlenn (1)

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

#GriggIan (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#GroupFormingNetworks (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#Guardianship (2)

• Baird et al. (2023) Threshold Signatures

  BRIEF: Modern threshold signature schemes enabling distributed authority where K-of-N parties must cooperate—cryptographic foundation for preventing single points of failure.

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#GuardianshipModel (1)

• Celi et al. (2025) Private Age Verification Architecture

  BRIEF: Separates content moderation from guardianship in age verification. Proposes guardian-issued DID credentials with client-side enforcement.

#HarrisCheryl (1)

• Harris (1993) Whiteness as Property

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how property law historically encoded racial hierarchies—whiteness functioned as property granting access, opportunity, protection.

#HDKeys (1)

• Allen (2025) Clubs

  BRIEF: Explores cryptographic capabilities enabling selective disclosure and delegated authority through derived keys, threshold signatures, and ZKPs.

#Heidegger (1)

• Hui (2016) Question Concerning Technology in China

  BRIEF: Argues sovereignty isn’t universal but culturally situated—global SSI must negotiate across traditions rather than imposing single Western model.

#HighModernism (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#HuiYuk (1)

• Hui (2016) Question Concerning Technology in China

  BRIEF: Argues sovereignty isn’t universal but culturally situated—global SSI must negotiate across traditions rather than imposing single Western model.

#HumanAutonomy (1)

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.

#HumanitarianTechnology (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#HumanRights (9)

• Allen (2023) Origins of SSI

  BRIEF: Allen traces SSI origins to five traditions: sovereignty, living systems, commons governance, feminist theory, and human rights.

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

• Renieris (2022) Freedom to Transact Critique

  BRIEF: Essential counterpoint—challenges absolute “right to transact” claims, distinguishing proportionate regulation from exclusionary gatekeeping.

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#HyperledgerIndy (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

#ICCPR (1)

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

#IdentifierPortability (1)

• W3C (2022) Decentralized Identifiers

  BRIEF: W3C standard for decentralized, self-sovereign identifiers with cryptographic verification—foundational infrastructure for platform-independent delegation.

#Identity (3)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#IdentityArchitecture (1)

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

#IdentityBasedCryptography (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#IdentityDelegation (1)

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#IdentityGovernance (3)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#IdentityManagement (3)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

#IdentityPhilosophy (1)

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#IdentityPortability (1)

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

#IdentityPrinciples (2)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

#IdentityTheft (1)

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#IdentityTheory (2)

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

#IETF (1)

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#Inclusion (1)

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

#Inequality (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#InformationalCapitalism (1)

• Cohen (2019) Between Truth and Power

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how code and law co-construct identity as extractable capital; property frameworks actively create data as commodity.

#InformationAsymmetry (1)

• Solove (2013) Privacy Self-Management

  BRIEF: Demonstrates privacy consent mechanisms fail—assumptions of informed, empowered users false given information asymmetry and manufactured consent.

#InformationFiduciaries (1)

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

#InformationFlow (1)

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

#InformationScience (1)

• Noble (2018) Algorithms of Oppression

  BRIEF: Documents how search algorithms perpetuate racism and sexism, creating conformity pressure through biased categorizations users can’t see or contest.

#InformationSeeking (1)

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#InformedConsent (1)

• Solove (2013) Privacy Self-Management

  BRIEF: Demonstrates privacy consent mechanisms fail—assumptions of informed, empowered users false given information asymmetry and manufactured consent.

#InfrastructureStudies (1)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

#InstitutionalCapture (1)

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

#InstitutionalChange (1)

• Cohen (2019) Between Truth and Power

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how code and law co-construct identity as extractable capital; property frameworks actively create data as commodity.

#InstitutionalSafeguards (1)

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

#IntellectualHistory (1)

• Allen (2023) Origins of SSI

  BRIEF: Allen traces SSI origins to five traditions: sovereignty, living systems, commons governance, feminist theory, and human rights.

#Interdependence (1)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

#InterdisciplinaryGaps (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#InternationalLaw (2)

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

#InternetArchitecture (1)

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

#Interoperability (2)

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

#InteroperabilityChallenges (1)

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

#InteroperabilityStandards (2)

• EU Regulation 2024/1183 eIDAS 2.0

  BRIEF: EU digital identity framework demonstrating both benefits (legal recognition, interoperability) and risks (government-centric architecture, limited platform independence).

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

#IoTIdentity (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#Jailbreaking (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#JobGuarantee (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#JurisdictionalVariation (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

#Kenya (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#KeyDerivation (1)

• Allen (2025) Clubs

  BRIEF: Explores cryptographic capabilities enabling selective disclosure and delegated authority through derived keys, threshold signatures, and ZKPs.

#KeyManagement (1)

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

#KeyRecovery (1)

• Baird et al. (2023) Threshold Signatures

  BRIEF: Modern threshold signature schemes enabling distributed authority where K-of-N parties must cooperate—cryptographic foundation for preventing single points of failure.

#KhanLina (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#KofNSignatures (1)

• Baird et al. (2023) Threshold Signatures

  BRIEF: Modern threshold signature schemes enabling distributed authority where K-of-N parties must cooperate—cryptographic foundation for preventing single points of failure.

#LaborEconomics (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#LaborExploitation (1)

• Dyer-Witheford (2015) Cyber-Proletariat

  BRIEF: Examines digital capitalism’s creation of feudal dependencies masquerading as autonomy—platforms deepen subordination through service dependency.

#LaborMarkets (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#LegalArchitecture (1)

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

#LegalDoctrine (1)

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#LegalFoundation (1)

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

#LegalFramework (2)

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

#LegalHistory (1)

• Harris (1993) Whiteness as Property

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how property law historically encoded racial hierarchies—whiteness functioned as property granting access, opportunity, protection.

#LegalPersonhood (1)

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

#LegalRecognition (1)

• Utah Code Title 46 (2021)

  BRIEF: State legislation recognizing digital identity credentials without creating government monopoly—model for “recognition without mandate.”

#LegalTheory (4)

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

• Cohen (2019) Between Truth and Power

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how code and law co-construct identity as extractable capital; property frameworks actively create data as commodity.

• Purtova (2015) Illusion of Personal Data

  BRIEF: Demonstrates “no one owns data” is illusion—corporations already claim quasi-property rights; individual ownership validates framework favoring institutional actors.

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

#LegalTreatise (1)

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#Legibility (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#LESSIdentity (1)

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

#LibraryDependencies (1)

• Chatel et al. (2025) PETs Limitations in Age Verification

  BRIEF: PETs solve only application-layer privacy, not circumvention, censorship, or effectiveness. Complex libraries become “prisons” centralizing power.

#LiteratureReview (1)

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

#LivingSystemsTheory (1)

• Allen (2023) Origins of SSI

  BRIEF: Allen traces SSI origins to five traditions: sovereignty, living systems, commons governance, feminist theory, and human rights.

#LLMSecurity (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#LocalKnowledge (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#LockIn (1)

• Wu (2018) Tyranny of Convenience

  BRIEF: Analyzes how convenience becomes tyranny—small easy choices accumulate into structural dependency.

#MachineLearning (2)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#MarketInalienability (1)

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

#MarketPower (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#MassSurveillance (1)

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

#MathematicsOverPolicy (1)

• Allen (2025) Exodus Protocol

  BRIEF: Establishes “infrastructure without infrastructure”—systems functioning autonomously without centralized control, mathematics over policy.

#MeaningCapture (1)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

#MemberStateImplementation (1)

• EU Regulation 2024/1183 eIDAS 2.0

  BRIEF: EU digital identity framework demonstrating both benefits (legal recognition, interoperability) and risks (government-centric architecture, limited platform independence).

#MentalModels (1)

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

#MentalPrivacy (2)

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#MetadataLeakage (1)

• Chatel et al. (2025) PETs Limitations in Age Verification

  BRIEF: PETs solve only application-layer privacy, not circumvention, censorship, or effectiveness. Complex libraries become “prisons” centralizing power.

#MetaResearch (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#Metaverse (1)

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

#MethodologicalInnovation (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#Metis (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#Microsoft (1)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

#MillerMarkS (1)

• Miller et al. (2003) Capability Myths Demolished

  BRIEF: Foundational OCaps paper demonstrating how capability possession equals authority—foundational model for SSI delegation.

#MINDAct (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#MindReading (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#MinskyianAnalysis (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#MissionDrift (1)

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

#MKUltra (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#ModelLegislation (1)

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

#MoneyManagerCapitalism (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#Monopoly (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#MoralBankruptcy (1)

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

#MPC (1)

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

#MultiPartyComputation (3)

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• Baird et al. (2023) Threshold Signatures

  BRIEF: Modern threshold signature schemes enabling distributed authority where K-of-N parties must cooperate—cryptographic foundation for preventing single points of failure.

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#MuSig2 (2)

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

#NAIRU (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#NarayananArvind (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#NationalSecurity (1)

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

#Negotiation (1)

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#NetworkEffects (1)

• Wu (2018) Tyranny of Convenience

  BRIEF: Analyzes how convenience becomes tyranny—small easy choices accumulate into structural dependency.

#NetworkMaking (1)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

#NetworkPrivacy (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#NeuralData (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#Neuralink (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#Neurorights (2)

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#Neurotechnology (2)

• Farahany (2023) Battle for Your Brain

  BRIEF: Argues cognitive liberty (mental self-determination) is foundational right threatened by neurotechnology.

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#NewJimCode (1)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

#NissenbaumHelen (1)

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

#NobelPrize (1)

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#NobleSafiya (1)

• Noble (2018) Algorithms of Oppression

  BRIEF: Documents how search algorithms perpetuate racism and sexism, creating conformity pressure through biased categorizations users can’t see or contest.

#NoRegistryDependency (1)

• W3C (2022) Decentralized Identifiers

  BRIEF: W3C standard for decentralized, self-sovereign identifiers with cryptographic verification—foundational infrastructure for platform-independent delegation.

#Normalization (1)

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

#NSA (2)

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#ObjectCapabilities (1)

• Miller et al. (2003) Capability Myths Demolished

  BRIEF: Foundational OCaps paper demonstrating how capability possession equals authority—foundational model for SSI delegation.

#OCaps (1)

• Miller et al. (2003) Capability Myths Demolished

  BRIEF: Foundational OCaps paper demonstrating how capability possession equals authority—foundational model for SSI delegation.

#OnlineIdentity (1)

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#OpenCliques (1)

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

#OpenGovernment (1)

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

#OpenSourceAI (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#OpenSourceCritique (1)

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

#OperationChokePoint (1)

• Carter (2023) Operation Choke Point 2.0

  BRIEF: Documents financial system weaponization against legal industries through systematic banking access denial.

#Optogenetics (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#OstromPrinciples (1)

• Allen (2023) Origins of SSI

  BRIEF: Allen traces SSI origins to five traditions: sovereignty, living systems, commons governance, feminist theory, and human rights.

#Panopticon (1)

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

#ParentalRights (1)

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#PattiyanonCharnon (1)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

#PeerIdentity (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#PeerToPeer (1)

• Allen (2025) Right to Transact (draft)

  BRIEF: Frames transactional freedom as constitutional right grounded in assembly and association, not merely financial access.

#PenneyJonathon (1)

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#Personhood (2)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

#Philosophy (2)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

#PKI (1)

• Dumitrescu & Pouwelse (2024) PKI Failures

  BRIEF: Comprehensive analysis of PKI/X.509 paradigm assumptions and their consequences over decades—cautionary example for 2026 principles.

#PlanningFailures (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#PlatformCapitalism (2)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

• Dyer-Witheford (2015) Cyber-Proletariat

  BRIEF: Examines digital capitalism’s creation of feudal dependencies masquerading as autonomy—platforms deepen subordination through service dependency.

#PlatformCapture (1)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

#PlatformEconomics (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#PlatformGovernance (2)

• Balkin (2016) Information Fiduciaries

  BRIEF: Introduces “information fiduciary” concept—platforms holding user data owe fiduciary duties of care, confidentiality, and loyalty.

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

#PlatformIndependence (2)

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

• W3C (2022) Decentralized Identifiers

  BRIEF: W3C standard for decentralized, self-sovereign identifiers with cryptographic verification—foundational infrastructure for platform-independent delegation.

#PlatformLogic (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#PlatformMonopoly (1)

• Wu (2018) Tyranny of Convenience

  BRIEF: Analyzes how convenience becomes tyranny—small easy choices accumulate into structural dependency.

#PlatformPower (1)

• Cohen (2019) Between Truth and Power

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how code and law co-construct identity as extractable capital; property frameworks actively create data as commodity.

#PolicyGuidance (1)

• Open Government Partnership (2023)

  BRIEF: Policy guidance on digital ID risks across 27 countries; recommends Human Rights Impact Assessments and meaningful participation of at-risk populations.

#PoliticalRights (1)

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

#PoliticalSpeech (1)

• Citizens United (2010)

  BRIEF: Landmark ruling extending free speech protections to political spending—debatable whether expression through expenditure applies to identity transactions.

#Portability (1)

• Allen (2025) Exodus Protocol

  BRIEF: Establishes “infrastructure without infrastructure”—systems functioning autonomously without centralized control, mathematics over policy.

#Poverty (1)

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

#Power (1)

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

#PrecarityOfWork (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#Precommitment (2)

• Bryan et al. (2010) Commitment Devices

  BRIEF: Comprehensive review of commitment device research showing how voluntary constraints enable better outcomes.

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

#PredictiveAnalytics (1)

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

#PrincipalAuthority (1)

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

#Prison (1)

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

#Privacy (7)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.

#PrivacyAttacks (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#PrivacyByDesign (2)

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

#PrivacyChallenges (1)

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

#PrivacyConsent (1)

• Solove (2013) Privacy Self-Management

  BRIEF: Demonstrates privacy consent mechanisms fail—assumptions of informed, empowered users false given information asymmetry and manufactured consent.

#PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies (2)

• Celi et al. (2025) Private Age Verification Architecture

  BRIEF: Separates content moderation from guardianship in age verification. Proposes guardian-issued DID credentials with client-side enforcement.

• Chatel et al. (2025) PETs Limitations in Age Verification

  BRIEF: PETs solve only application-layer privacy, not circumvention, censorship, or effectiveness. Complex libraries become “prisons” centralizing power.

#PrivacyLaw (2)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

• Solove (2013) Privacy Self-Management

  BRIEF: Demonstrates privacy consent mechanisms fail—assumptions of informed, empowered users false given information asymmetry and manufactured consent.

#PrivacyPreserving (3)

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

• W3C (2024) Verifiable Credentials 2.0

  BRIEF: W3C standard for machine-verifiable credentials—foundational data model for delegation, authorization, and revocability.

#PrivacyResearch (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#PrivacyRights (1)

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#PrivacySecurity (1)

• Nottingham (2025) Age Restriction Architecture

  BRIEF: IETF analysis identifying five architectural risks from age verification: centralization, privacy erosion, access barriers, fragmentation, and age-gated internet infrastructure.

#PrivacySelfManagement (1)

• Solove (2013) Privacy Self-Management

  BRIEF: Demonstrates privacy consent mechanisms fail—assumptions of informed, empowered users false given information asymmetry and manufactured consent.

#PrivacySurveillance (1)

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

#PrivacyTechnology (1)

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

#PrivacyTheory (1)

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

#PromptInjection (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#Property (1)

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

#PropertyLaw (1)

• Harris (1993) Whiteness as Property

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how property law historically encoded racial hierarchies—whiteness functioned as property granting access, opportunity, protection.

#PropertyRegimes (1)

• Purtova (2015) Illusion of Personal Data

  BRIEF: Demonstrates “no one owns data” is illusion—corporations already claim quasi-property rights; individual ownership validates framework favoring institutional actors.

#PropertyRights (1)

• Purtova (2015) Illusion of Personal Data

  BRIEF: Demonstrates “no one owns data” is illusion—corporations already claim quasi-property rights; individual ownership validates framework favoring institutional actors.

#PurtovaNadezhda (1)

• Purtova (2015) Illusion of Personal Data

  BRIEF: Demonstrates “no one owns data” is illusion—corporations already claim quasi-property rights; individual ownership validates framework favoring institutional actors.

#RacialJustice (2)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

• Harris (1993) Whiteness as Property

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how property law historically encoded racial hierarchies—whiteness functioned as property granting access, opportunity, protection.

#Racism (1)

• Noble (2018) Algorithms of Oppression

  BRIEF: Documents how search algorithms perpetuate racism and sexism, creating conformity pressure through biased categorizations users can’t see or contest.

#RadinMargaret (1)

• Radin (1996) Contested Commodities

  BRIEF: Foundational market-inalienability theory—some things too bound up with personhood to commodify, including core identity attributes.

#RationalChoice (1)

• Bryan et al. (2010) Commitment Devices

  BRIEF: Comprehensive review of commitment device research showing how voluntary constraints enable better outcomes.

#Rationality (1)

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

#RefugeeIdentity (1)

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

#Refugees (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#Regulation (2)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

• Renieris (2022) Freedom to Transact Critique

  BRIEF: Essential counterpoint—challenges absolute “right to transact” claims, distinguishing proportionate regulation from exclusionary gatekeeping.

#ReIdentification (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#RelationalIdentity (3)

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#RemoteNotarization (1)

• Utah Code Title 46 (2021)

  BRIEF: State legislation recognizing digital identity credentials without creating government monopoly—model for “recognition without mandate.”

#RenierisElizabeth (2)

• Renieris (2022) Freedom to Transact Critique

  BRIEF: Essential counterpoint—challenges absolute “right to transact” claims, distinguishing proportionate regulation from exclusionary gatekeeping.

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

#ResearchFragmentation (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#ResearchMapping (1)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

#ResearchMethodology (2)

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

#Restatement (1)

• Restatement Third of Agency (2006)

  BRIEF: Authoritative U.S. codification of Agency law establishing enforceable duties agents owe principals with centuries of precedent.

#RevocationFlows (1)

• DIDComm (2024)

  BRIEF: Standard protocol for secure, authenticated messaging between DID-identified parties—foundational delegation protocol for SSI.

#RFC9591 (1)

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#RightToTransact (1)

• Allen (2025) Right to Transact (draft)

  BRIEF: Frames transactional freedom as constitutional right grounded in assembly and association, not merely financial access.

#RLHF (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#RWOT (1)

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

#SB260 (1)

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

#SchedulingAlgorithms (1)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

#SchellingThomas (1)

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#Schnorr (2)

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#SchnorrSignatures (1)

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

#ScottJamesC (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#SearchEngines (1)

• Noble (2018) Algorithms of Oppression

  BRIEF: Documents how search algorithms perpetuate racism and sexism, creating conformity pressure through biased categorizations users can’t see or contest.

#SecureCommunication (1)

• DIDComm (2024)

  BRIEF: Standard protocol for secure, authenticated messaging between DID-identified parties—foundational delegation protocol for SSI.

#SecurityAnalysis (1)

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

#SecurityArchitecture (1)

• Miller et al. (2003) Capability Myths Demolished

  BRIEF: Foundational OCaps paper demonstrating how capability possession equals authority—foundational model for SSI delegation.

#SecurityFailures (1)

• Dumitrescu & Pouwelse (2024) PKI Failures

  BRIEF: Comprehensive analysis of PKI/X.509 paradigm assumptions and their consequences over decades—cautionary example for 2026 principles.

#SecurityResearch (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#SecurityStandards (1)

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#SEDI (1)

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

#SelectiveDisclosure (2)

• Allen (2025) Clubs

  BRIEF: Explores cryptographic capabilities enabling selective disclosure and delegated authority through derived keys, threshold signatures, and ZKPs.

• W3C (2024) Verifiable Credentials 2.0

  BRIEF: W3C standard for machine-verifiable credentials—foundational data model for delegation, authorization, and revocability.

#SelfBinding (1)

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

#SelfCensorship (1)

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#SelfControl (2)

• Bryan et al. (2010) Commitment Devices

  BRIEF: Comprehensive review of commitment device research showing how voluntary constraints enable better outcomes.

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

#SelfRegulation (1)

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

#SelfSovereignIdentity (17)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

• Allen (2023) Origins of SSI

  BRIEF: Allen traces SSI origins to five traditions: sovereignty, living systems, commons governance, feminist theory, and human rights.

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

• W3C (2022) Decentralized Identifiers

  BRIEF: W3C standard for decentralized, self-sovereign identifiers with cryptographic verification—foundational infrastructure for platform-independent delegation.

• Zwitter et al. (2020) SSI: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

  BRIEF: Critically examines SSI through philosophical, legal, and technical lenses, revealing naturalist-constructivist tensions requiring explicit governance decisions.

#SF0039 (1)

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

#Sharenting (1)

• Cordeiro (2021) Sharenting

  BRIEF: Examines tension between children’s privacy rights and parental freedom; documents sharenting harms including identity theft and permanent digital footprints.

#SheldrakePhilip (1)

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

#ShmatiskovVitaly (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#Snowden (1)

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#SocialContract (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#SocialEngineering (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#SocialJustice (2)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

#SocialNetworks (1)

• Narayanan & Shmatikov (2009) De-anonymizing Social Networks

  BRIEF: Demonstrates that social graph structure enables re-identification even with perfect attribute anonymization—connection patterns are identifying.

#SocialNorms (1)

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

#SocialServices (1)

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

#SoloveDaniel (1)

• Solove (2013) Privacy Self-Management

  BRIEF: Demonstrates privacy consent mechanisms fail—assumptions of informed, empowered users false given information asymmetry and manufactured consent.

#Sovereignty (1)

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

#SovereigntyAsService (1)

• Grohmann (2025) Sovereignty-as-a-Service

  BRIEF: Analyzes how Microsoft, Amazon, and Google redefined digital sovereignty from political capacity to commercial product—warning pattern for SSI.

#Sovrin (2)

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#SSI (11)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

• Allen (2024) Edge Identifiers

  BRIEF: Proposes relationship-based cryptographic identity using edge identifiers and cliques with Schnorr multisig protocols.

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

• Sheldrake (2019) Generative Identity

  BRIEF: Proposes “generative identity” moving beyond self-sovereignty’s individual focus to embrace emergent, relational, and contextual identity.

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#SSIArchitecture (2)

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

#SSICritique (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

#SSITaxonomy (1)

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

#StateLegislation (1)

• Utah Code Title 46 (2021)

  BRIEF: State legislation recognizing digital identity credentials without creating government monopoly—model for “recognition without mandate.”

#StatePolicy (2)

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

#StateSimplification (1)

• Scott (1998) Seeing Like a State (draft)

  BRIEF: Examines failed large-scale state interventions, identifying how “legibility” requirements destroy local knowledge and contextual complexity.

#StateSovereignty (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2022) Is SSI Really Sovereign?

  BRIEF: Critical assessment revealing SSI sovereignty as inherently contextual and jurisdiction-dependent rather than binary or absolute.

#StrategicBehavior (2)

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

• Schelling (1960) Strategy of Conflict

  BRIEF: Game theory classic showing how credible commitment enables cooperation impossible for uncommitted actors.

#StructuralInequality (1)

• Harris (1993) Whiteness as Property

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how property law historically encoded racial hierarchies—whiteness functioned as property granting access, opportunity, protection.

#SupremeCourt (1)

• Citizens United (2010)

  BRIEF: Landmark ruling extending free speech protections to political spending—debatable whether expression through expenditure applies to identity transactions.

#Surveillance (4)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

• Foucault (1977) Discipline and Punish

  BRIEF: Classic analysis of how surveillance induces self-regulation—”visibility is a trap”—tracing punishment’s evolution from spectacle to psychological control.

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#SurveillanceCapitalism (4)

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.

#SurveillanceResistance (1)

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

#Survey (2)

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

#SwissEID (1)

• Allen (2025) Swiss e-ID Anchors

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how government digital identity systems can preserve autonomy—addresses “voluntary in law” eroding to “mandatory in practice” pattern.

#SwitchingCosts (1)

• Wu (2018) Tyranny of Convenience

  BRIEF: Analyzes how convenience becomes tyranny—small easy choices accumulate into structural dependency.

#Switzerland (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#SystematicLiteratureReview (1)

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

#SystematicMapping (1)

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

#SystematicReview (3)

• Ante et al. (2021) Bibliometric Review of Digital Identity

  BRIEF: First bibliometric mapping of digital identity reveals seven fragmented streams with minimal cross-citation despite 7x publication growth.

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

#SystemicRacism (1)

• Harris (1993) Whiteness as Property

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how property law historically encoded racial hierarchies—whiteness functioned as property granting access, opportunity, protection.

#SystemicRisk (1)

• Dumitrescu & Pouwelse (2024) PKI Failures

  BRIEF: Comprehensive analysis of PKI/X.509 paradigm assumptions and their consequences over decades—cautionary example for 2026 principles.

#SystemsSecurity (1)

• Miller et al. (2003) Capability Myths Demolished

  BRIEF: Foundational OCaps paper demonstrating how capability possession equals authority—foundational model for SSI delegation.

#TamperEvident (1)

• W3C (2024) Verifiable Credentials 2.0

  BRIEF: W3C standard for machine-verifiable credentials—foundational data model for delegation, authorization, and revocability.

#Taxonomy (1)

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

#TechCritique (2)

• Dyer-Witheford (2015) Cyber-Proletariat

  BRIEF: Examines digital capitalism’s creation of feudal dependencies masquerading as autonomy—platforms deepen subordination through service dependency.

• Noble (2018) Algorithms of Oppression

  BRIEF: Documents how search algorithms perpetuate racism and sexism, creating conformity pressure through biased categorizations users can’t see or contest.

#TechEthics (2)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

• Renieris (2023) Beyond Data

  BRIEF: Comprehensive critique of “data ownership” frameworks; calls for grounding digital identity in human rights rather than property law.

#TechLaw (1)

• Cohen (2019) Between Truth and Power

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how code and law co-construct identity as extractable capital; property frameworks actively create data as commodity.

#TechnicalStandards (1)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

#TechnologicalPluralism (1)

• Hui (2016) Question Concerning Technology in China

  BRIEF: Argues sovereignty isn’t universal but culturally situated—global SSI must negotiate across traditions rather than imposing single Western model.

#Technology (1)

• Benjamin (2019) Race After Technology

  BRIEF: Exposes how technologies reproduce racial inequity while appearing neutral, introducing “New Jim Code” concept for discriminatory automation.

#TechnologyEthics (2)

• Allen (2024) SSI Moral Bankruptcy

  BRIEF: SSI originator argues ecosystem became morally bankrupt by abandoning founding principles for market adoption and surveillance-enabling compromises.

• Ehmke (2023) Dimensions of Digital Coercion

  BRIEF: Systematic framework analyzing digital coercion through four dimensions across commercial and open-source platforms, proposing multi-layered standards as accountability.

#TechnologyGovernance (1)

• Kinstler (2025) Big Tech Wants Direct Access to Our Brains

  BRIEF: Documents Big Tech BCI commercialization and neurorights movement seeking legal protections for mental privacy and cognitive liberty.

#TechnologyPhilosophy (1)

• Hui (2016) Question Concerning Technology in China

  BRIEF: Argues sovereignty isn’t universal but culturally situated—global SSI must negotiate across traditions rather than imposing single Western model.

#TechnologyPolicy (1)

• Nissenbaum (2009) Privacy in Context

  BRIEF: Foundational privacy theory—violations occur when information flows breach context-specific norms, not merely when individuals lose control.

#TemporalPreference (1)

• Bryan et al. (2010) Commitment Devices

  BRIEF: Comprehensive review of commitment device research showing how voluntary constraints enable better outcomes.

#TenPrinciples (1)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

#ThresholdSignatures (4)

• Allen (2024) Open & Fuzzy Cliques

  BRIEF: Extends cryptographic cliques with open (incomplete connectivity), fuzzy (threshold), and device variants for practical implementation.

• Allen (2025) Clubs

  BRIEF: Explores cryptographic capabilities enabling selective disclosure and delegated authority through derived keys, threshold signatures, and ZKPs.

• Baird et al. (2023) Threshold Signatures

  BRIEF: Modern threshold signature schemes enabling distributed authority where K-of-N parties must cooperate—cryptographic foundation for preventing single points of failure.

• IETF (2024) FROST RFC 9591

  BRIEF: IETF standard for threshold Schnorr signatures enabling distributed trust—emerging capability existing paradigms didn’t anticipate.

#TransactionalAbsolutism (1)

• Renieris (2022) Freedom to Transact Critique

  BRIEF: Essential counterpoint—challenges absolute “right to transact” claims, distinguishing proportionate regulation from exclusionary gatekeeping.

#TreatyLaw (1)

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

#Trust (1)

• Grigg (2021) The Identity Cycle

  BRIEF: Argues identity emerges from community, not state capture; validates through Kenyan chamas (200,000+ groups, $1.7B, 42% GDP).

#TrustFrameworks (1)

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

#TrustMinimizedIdentity (1)

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

#TrustModels (2)

• Dumitrescu & Pouwelse (2024) PKI Failures

  BRIEF: Comprehensive analysis of PKI/X.509 paradigm assumptions and their consequences over decades—cautionary example for 2026 principles.

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

#Ubuntu (1)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

#UDHR (1)

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

#UETA (1)

• Utah Code Title 46 (2021)

  BRIEF: State legislation recognizing digital identity credentials without creating government monopoly—model for “recognition without mandate.”

#Ukraine (1)

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

#UlyssesContracts (1)

• Elster (1979) Ulysses and the Sirens

  BRIEF: Foundational work on rational self-binding—Ulysses constraining future self enables otherwise impossible outcomes.

#UnemploymentPolicy (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#UnitedNations (2)

• ICCPR (1966) (draft)

  BRIEF: Binding international treaty establishing legal personhood as universal right, extending UDHR principles into enforceable international law.

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

#UniversalRights (1)

• UDHR (1948)

  BRIEF: Foundational 1948 declaration establishing universal human dignity and rights as basis for international human rights law.

#uPort (1)

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

#UsabilityChallenges (1)

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

#UsabilityGap (1)

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

#UserControl (1)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

#UserRights (1)

• Solove (2013) Privacy Self-Management

  BRIEF: Demonstrates privacy consent mechanisms fail—assumptions of informed, empowered users false given information asymmetry and manufactured consent.

#Utah (1)

• Utah SEDI (2024)

  BRIEF: Utah’s State-Endorsed Digital Identity framework establishing privacy-first, decentralized principles where identity belongs to individuals, not governments.

#UtahLaw (1)

• Utah Code Title 46 (2021)

  BRIEF: State legislation recognizing digital identity credentials without creating government monopoly—model for “recognition without mandate.”

#VaheesanSandeep (1)

• Khan & Vaheesan (2017) Market Power (draft)

  BRIEF: Analyzes how market power concentration enables gatekeeping and exclusion—applies directly to SSI infrastructure where monopoly positions create participation barriers.

#VerifiableClaims (1)

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

#VerifiableCredentials (12)

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

• Ahmed et al. (2022) Blockchain SSI Survey

  BRIEF: Survey of 153 blockchain identity articles establishing five essential components framework for evaluating BC-IDMS solutions.

• Celi et al. (2025) Private Age Verification Architecture

  BRIEF: Separates content moderation from guardianship in age verification. Proposes guardian-issued DID credentials with client-side enforcement.

• Čučko & Turkanović (2021) SSI Systematic Mapping

  BRIEF: First systematic mapping of SSI research reveals validation dominating, evaluation absent, and zero usability research.

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

• Garazha et al. (2024) Resilience in Times of Crisis

  BRIEF: Derives seven design principles for SSI-based refugee identity through iterative prototyping with Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland.

• Naik & Jenkins (2020) Governing Principles of SSI

  BRIEF: 20-principle SSI evaluation framework extending Allen’s 10 principles; comparative analysis reveals technical maturity but operational gaps.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

• Satybaldy et al. (2024) Taxonomy of SSI Challenges

  BRIEF: Systematic literature review synthesizing SSI architectural framework, development lifecycle, and nine-category taxonomy of open challenges.

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

• W3C (2024) Verifiable Credentials 2.0

  BRIEF: W3C standard for machine-verifiable credentials—foundational data model for delegation, authorization, and revocability.

#VerifiableProperties (1)

• CSSPS (2022)

  BRIEF: Framework of 42 verifiable properties bridging SSI principles and legal/regulatory compliance requirements across jurisdictions.

#VerifiableRecords (1)

• Allen (2025) Digital Law Framework

  BRIEF: Four-layer model legislation demonstrating technology-neutral regulatory approach with anti-coercion provisions and platform independence requirements.

#VulnerablePopulations (1)

• Sovrin Guardianship (2019/2023)

  BRIEF: Explores guardianship necessity for SSI inclusivity given 2.9 billion without internet access; warns about “safeguarding dystopia.”

#W3C (2)

• W3C (2022) Decentralized Identifiers

  BRIEF: W3C standard for decentralized, self-sovereign identifiers with cryptographic verification—foundational infrastructure for platform-independent delegation.

• W3C (2024) Verifiable Credentials 2.0

  BRIEF: W3C standard for machine-verifiable credentials—foundational data model for delegation, authorization, and revocability.

#W3CDID (1)

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

#W3CStandards (4)

• Allen (2021) SSI: 5 Years On

  BRIEF: Five-year SSI retrospective finds W3C success with mission drift toward institutional surveillance over refugee protection.

• Costa & Cunha (2024) Self-Sovereign Identities Survey

  BRIEF: Reviews 94 blockchain SSI papers identifying theory-practice chasm, limited validation, interoperability gaps, and Global South exclusion.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

#Watermarking (1)

• Zhu et al. (2024) Generative AI Security

  BRIEF: Analyzes GenAI security; traditional defenses fail, requiring AI firewalls, guardrails, watermarking for social engineering attacks.

#Web3 (1)

• Allen (2016) Path to Self-Sovereign Identity

  BRIEF: Foundational 2016 article establishing 10 principles of self-sovereign identity and tracing identity system evolution from centralized to user-centric to self-sovereign models.

#WebOfTrust (1)

• Andrieu et al. (2020) Five Mental Models

  BRIEF: Identifies five identity mental models (space-time, presentation, attribute, relationship, capability) and their intersections for SSI architecture.

#WelfareSurveillance (1)

• Eubanks (2018) Automating Inequality

  BRIEF: Examines how automated systems create “digital poorhouse” that profiles and punishes poor Americans through case studies of welfare, homeless services, and child welfare.

#WesternPhilosophy (1)

• Birhane (2017) Ubuntu Philosophy

  BRIEF: Contrasts Western individualist “I think therefore I am” with Ubuntu’s relational personhood: “I am because we are.”

#Whistleblowing (1)

• Greenwald (2014) No Place to Hide (draft)

  BRIEF: Documents Snowden’s NSA surveillance disclosures, examining unprecedented government abuse of power and implications for privacy and democracy.

#WhitenessAsProperty (1)

• Harris (1993) Whiteness as Property

  BRIEF: Demonstrates how property law historically encoded racial hierarchies—whiteness functioned as property granting access, opportunity, protection.

#Wikipedia (1)

• Penney (2016) Chilling Effects

  BRIEF: First empirical evidence of regulatory chilling effects from online surveillance, documenting 30% traffic decline to sensitive Wikipedia articles post-Snowden.

#WorkerPower (1)

• Tcherneva (2025) Death of the Social Contract

  BRIEF: Applies enshittification framework to labor market degradation, proposing job guarantee as circuit breaker restoring worker power.

#WorkerRights (1)

• boyd (2023) Structuring Algorithms

  BRIEF: Framework showing algorithms structure networks via institutional arrangements, enabling network-based discrimination through data infrastructure control beyond categorical protections.

#WuTim (1)

• Wu (2018) Tyranny of Convenience

  BRIEF: Analyzes how convenience becomes tyranny—small easy choices accumulate into structural dependency.

#Wyoming (1)

• Allen (2021) Principal Authority

  BRIEF: Analyzes Wyoming SF0039’s legal grounding of digital identity in Agency law, reorganizing SSI principles as Principal rights and Agent duties.

#X509 (1)

• Dumitrescu & Pouwelse (2024) PKI Failures

  BRIEF: Comprehensive analysis of PKI/X.509 paradigm assumptions and their consequences over decades—cautionary example for 2026 principles.

#ZeroKnowledgeProofs (4)

• Allen (2025) Clubs

  BRIEF: Explores cryptographic capabilities enabling selective disclosure and delegated authority through derived keys, threshold signatures, and ZKPs.

• Celi et al. (2025) Private Age Verification Architecture

  BRIEF: Separates content moderation from guardianship in age verification. Proposes guardian-issued DID credentials with client-side enforcement.

• Pava-Díaz et al. (2024) SSI on the Blockchain

  BRIEF: Evaluates nine blockchain SSI frameworks against Allen’s principles, identifying portability and interoperability gaps from tight coupling.

• Schardong (2022) SSI Systematic Review

  BRIEF: First reproducible systematic review of SSI reveals explosive growth but critical gaps in trust, usability, and compliance.

#ZookosTriangle (1)

• Mühle et al. (2018) Essential Components of SSI

  BRIEF: First comprehensive technical survey identifying four essential SSI components: decentralized identifiers, authentication, verifiable claims, and storage solutions.

#ZuboffShoshana (1)

• Zuboff (2019) Surveillance Capitalism

  BRIEF: Develops surveillance capitalism framework—unprecedented economic logic extracting behavioral surplus and deploying instrumentarian power through ubiquitous computation.